The difference between the drugs: “An antibiotic kills the bacteria causing the infection that you’re treating, but along the way, it will also kill some of the normal bacteria in your system,” explained Bailey. “A narrow-spectrum antibiotic kills a smaller number of bacteria. So you should take the narrowest-spectrum antibiotic that does that job you need it to do.” Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used only when children are seriously ill, so there’s usually little time for trial and error with these meds, particularly when the first-line antibiotic didn’t eliminate the infection.

So did the bacteria-fighting meds lower the kids’ defenses against flab?

The short answer: Yes. The more antibiotics a child took early in life, the more likely he or she was to be obese later on. (This was particularly true among children who had taken the drugs four or more times before age 2.) However, this held true only for overall or broad-spectrum antibiotic use; there was no such link between narrow-spectrum antibiotics and childhood obesity.

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